Subsidiary Classifications

Introduction

The terms and descriptions entered as occupational descriptions in historical censuses and registration documents sometimes contain information which is not strictly about work activity, and which therefore cannot be accommodated within the original ISCO68 framework. Some of this information might, nevertheless, be useful to those seeking to use an occupational classification scheme for the purposes of wider social and economic analysis.

In part, this additional information stems from a broader understanding of what constituted an occupation in the past, but is also, in some cases, a product of historical documents themselves. In such cases, a record of 'rank or occupation' rather than a simple job description was requested. Accordingly, the most common form of supplementary material found in the historical occupational titles used to create the HISCO manual is information about various kinds of status. A status model is certainly implicit in the major and minor group structure of the ISCO68 framework, which starts with professionals at the top of the hierarchy and ends with labourers at the bottom. Yet it does not recognise employment status within manual employment, nor by definition other, non-occupational, dimensions of status which might further assist an investigator seeking to classify occupational information into social groups.

A second type of additional information sometimes given in lieu of a job description in historical documents concerns statements about the relationship between an individual and the formal labour market. Such information, for example that a person is no longer employed or about family employment relationships, might be of use to those seeking to draw a more rounded picture of an economy.

The third and final type of data which cannot be fully stored by ISCO68 but which might be important for contextualisation both at the broader economic and specific occupational levels is information on the outcome or product of an occupational activity. For the most part evident enough, particularly where goods are grown or made (Major Groups 6, 7,8 and 9), but also if one accepts that the principal products of Groups 1 through 5 are services of various kinds. However, there is one large group of service providers - the Sales Workers of Group 4 - whose activities are not just defined by their roles but also, in part at least, by the products in which they trade. The same can also be said of a smaller category of industrial proprietors, whose incumbents are coded to 2- 11.10 in the HISCO scheme.

In two of these three cases, entirely new subsidiary classifications, entitled STATUS and RELATION, have been developed in order to accommodate information in the historical record which otherwise would have to have been discarded. In the third case, a subsidiary classification for PRODUCT was modeled on the United Nations Central Product Classification Scheme. The structures of STATUS, RELATION and PRODUCT are presented below, along with coding examples in each of the six languages which comprise HISCO.

Status

In HISCO this classification incorporates several dimensions of status - economic, social, employment and educational - and provides categories for each. While it is possible for a particular title to contain more than one dimension of status, it is rare. In such cases, coders will have choose which to prioritise. In the examples of titles carrying status information which are given below, the HISCO occupational code is also shown in brackets after the title. If a title containing status information gives no occupational information, it is given the appropriate STATUS code along with the HISCO code -1 or -2.

The STATUS scheme is delineated as follows:

OWNERSHIP

11	Owner, proprietor

12	Lease-holder, share-cropper

13	Poor

ARTISAN CAREER

21	Master

22	Journeyman

23	Apprentice, learner

24	Artisan

PRINCIPALS AND SUBORDINATES

31	Principal

32	'Worker'

33	Subordinate

34	Serfs and Slaves

TERTIARY EDUCATION

41	Student

42	Graduate

'PURE' STATUS

51	Nobility

52	Prestige titles

Notes:

31	Principal	Only where a supervisory function is a minor part of the occupational task e.g. in the case of a 'head chef'. When supervising is the main task, the occupation is coded into HISCO Major Group 2.

32	'Worker'	Always in combination with another occupation, suggesting a dependent position. The title 'worker' without further occupational information is coded 9-99.00.

33	Subordinate	To include 'assistants' and 'helpers' with no more than a modicum of training.

41	Student	University or college, or vocational/technical education at the higher level.

42	Graduate	BA, MA PhD etc.

52	Prestige titles	Terms denoting general social standing and respect, e.g. 'gentleman'.

Status coding examples

OWNERSHIP

11 Owner, Proprietor.

BE:	Industriel [2-11.10], Particulier [-1], Propriétaire [-1], Rentier [-1]

CA:	Commerçant [4-10.25], Fabricant [2-11.10], Financier [-1], Homme d'affaires [-1], Manufacturier [2-11.10]

FR:	Avocat et Propriétaire [1-21.10], Propriétaire foncier [-1]

GE:	Baumschulbesitzer [6-12.30, 6-12.70], Fabrikinhaber [2-11.10], Fuhrunternehmer [2-11.10], Privatmann [-1], Ziegelfabrikant [2-11.10]

NL:	Grondeigenaar [-1], Rentenier [-1], Uitgever [2-11.10]

NO:	Formue [-1], Gaardbruger selveier [6-11.10], Huseier [-1], Kapitalist [-1]

SW:	Brukspatron [2-11.10], Hemmansägare [6-
11.10], Konditoriidkare [7-76.30], Possessionat [6-11.10], Spegelfabrikör [2- 11.10]

UK:	Fundholder [-1], Independent [-1], Landowner [-1], Proprietor of houses [-1]

12 Lease holder, share cropper.

GE:	Erbgesessener [6-11.10], Gutspächter [6-
11.10], Heuermann [6-11.10], Leibpächter [6-11.10]

NO:	Gaardbruger bygselmand [6-11.10], Jordbruger leilending [6-11.10]

SW:	Arrendator [6-11.10], Arrendetorpare [6-
11.15], Frälsebonde [6-11.10], Hälftenbrukare [6-11.10], Torpinnehavare [6-11.15]

UK:	Joint tenant [-1], Lease Holder [-1], Tenantholder [-1]

13 Poor.

FR:	Indigente [-1]

GE:	Bettelmensch [-1], Bettler [-1], Herumziehende [-1], Landstreicher [-1], Vagabund [-1]

NO:	Fattigforsørget [-1], Forsørges af fattigvæsenet [-1], Lever af offentlig bidrag [- 1], Lægdslem [-1], Offentlig understøttelse [- 1]

SW:	Allmosohjon [-1], Barnhusbarn [-1], Fattighushjon [-1], Lösdriverska [-1], Sockenhjon [-1]

UK:	Alms receiver [-1], Pauper [-1], Scavenger [-
1], Tramp musician [1-79.90], Vagrant [-1]

ARTISAN CAREER

21 Master.

BE:	Maître tailleur [7-91.00]

CA:	Maître-boulanger [7-76.20]

FR:	Maîtresse blanchisseuse [5-60.10, 7-56.15], Patron [9-99.99]

GE:	Kaminfegermeister [5-52.40]

NL:	Meester kleermaker [7-91.00]

NO:	Sadelmagermester [8-03.20]

SW:	Snickarmästare [9-54.10]

UK:	Hairdresser [employer] [5-70.25], Master painter [9-31.20]

22 Journeyman.

BE:	Compagnon chapelier [7-93.10]

CA:	Charpentier-journalier [9-54.10]

FR:	Journalière blanchisseuse [5-60.10, 7-56.15]

GE:	Drahtziehergesell [7-27.25]

NL:	Metselaarsgezel [9-51.20]

NO:	Metalstøbersvend [7-25.00]

SW:	Bokhållaregesäll [3-31.10], Fältskärssven [0-
61.10]

UK:	Dressmaker journeywoman [7-91.40], Journeyman goldsmith [8-80.50]

23 Apprentice, Learner.

BE:	Apprenti typographe [9-21.10]

CA:	Apprenti forgeron [8-31.10]

FR:	Apprenti tonnelier [8-19.30], Instituteur adjoint [1-33.20]

GE:	Kadett-korporal [5-83.30], Kaufmännischer Lehrling [4-10.25], Postpraktikant [3-70.00]

NL:	Leerling-machinist [9-69.10, 9-83.20, 9-
83.60]

NO:	Apothekerlærling [0-67.10], I skomagerlære [8-01.10], Læregut [-1]

SW:	Brukselev [-1], Kakelugnsmakarelärling [9-
51.30]

UK:	Drapers apprentice [4-10.30], Improver dressmaker [7-91.40], Pupil teacher [1- 30.20], Training groom [6-24.90]

24 Artisans.

BE:	Artisan [-1]

CA:	Artisan [-1]

FR:	Artisan charron [8-19.25]

NO:	Haandverker [-1]

SW:	Slöjdare [-1], Sockenhantverkare [-1], Ålderman [-1]

SUPERVISORS AND SUBORDINATES

31 Principal.

BE:	Corporal sapeur pompier [5-81.10], Ingénieur principal [0-20.00]

CA:	Capitaine de police [5-82.20], Instructeur avicole[6-29.20] Surintendant forestier [6- 32.30]

FR:	Carrier surveillant [7-11.10], Chef magasinier [3-91.40], Directrice de bain [5-70.70]

GE:	Brandmeister [5-81.10], Bundesbahnobersekretär [3-93.10], Forstvorarbeiter [6-32.30], Oberpastor [1- 41.20]

NL:	Chef-monteur [8-41.00, 8-43.00, 8-44.00, 8-
49.00], Hoofdonderwijzer [1-33.20], Opperwachtmeester bij de politietroepen [5- 82.25], Opzichter tekenaar [0-31.10], Touwbaas [7-57.10]

NO:	Grubestiger [7-11.05], Notbas [6-41.00], Politimester [5-82.20], Sveitser [6-24.10], Telegraffuldmægtig [3-80.40]

SW:	Barnhemsförestådare [1-34.90], Flottningsförman [6-31.40], Hammarsmedsålderman [8-31.20], Hyttmästare [7-21.00, 8-93.20], Poliskommissarie [5-82.20]

UK:	Charwoman in charge of house [5-52.20], First hand dressmaker [7-91.40], Head nurse [0-71.10], Matron to the lying in society [0- 73.10], Upper housemaid [5-40.20]

32 Worker.

BE:	Ouvrier peseur d'houille [3-91.50]

CA:	Charron-ouvrier [8-19.25], Ouvrier-sacristain [5-51.40]

FR:	Ouvrière bonnetière [7-55.00]

GE:	Tabakarbeiter [7-81.00]

NL:	Arbeider telegrafist [3-80.40], Telegraafwerker [8-56.00]

NO:	Tjærearbeider [7-42.30]

SW:	Skorstensfejararbetare [5-52.40]

UK:	Liquorice cake maker's labourer [7-76.60] Steam loom worker [7-54.40]

33 Subordinate.

BE:	Aide maçon [9-51.35], Domestique de marchand levure [4-10.25], Garçon chirurgien [0-61.10], Sous-institutrice communal [1-33.20]

CA:	Aide-forgeron [8-31.10], Assistant-ingénieur [0-20.00], Commis-huissier [3-93.40], Greffier adjoint [3-93.40], Sous-contremaître [2-26.10]

FR:	Aide de travail [-1], Assistant vérificateur du cadastre [0-33.20], Commis d'agent de change [4-41.90], Factrice auxiliaire [3- 70.30], Garçon de bureau [3-93.10]

GE:	Handlungsgehilfe [4-10.25], Kaufmannsdiener [4-10.25], Milchkontrollassistent [0-65.20], Posthelfer [3-70.00]

NL:	Adjunct-stationschef [2-22.10], Hulpbesteller [3-70.40], Junior koopman [4-10.25], Scheepmakersknecht [8-74.50, 9-54.40]

NO:	Fyrassistent [9-89.40], Hjælper moderen [-1], Kokkepige [5-31.40], Møllergut [7-71.20], Smeddreng [8-31.10]

SW:	Barberarebiträde [0-79.90, 5-70.30], Hjälpsmed [8-31.10], Medhjälpare [-1], Portvaktsbetjänt [5-51.30], Telegrafassistent [3-80.40]

UK:	Assistant schoolmistress [1-30.20], Hosier's servant [4-10.30], Miller's man [7-34.90, 7- 41.30 ... 9-99.10], Nurse girl [0-71.90], Thrower's attendant [7-52.90, 8-92.25]

34 Serfs and Slaves.

FR:	Esclave [-1]

TERTIARY EDUCATION

41 Student.

BE:	Elève en médecin [0-61.00], Etudiant en pharmacie [0-67.10]

CA:	Bachelier en musique [1-71.40], Etudiante garde-malade [0-72.10], Interne en médecine [0-61.00]

FR:	Etudiant en médecine [0-61.00], Interne des hôpitaux [0-61.00]

GE:	Gerichtsreferendar [1-20.00], Rechtspraktikant [1-20.00], Studentin [-1]

NL:	Theologie student [1-41.20]

NO:	Student [-1]

SW:	Farmacie elev [0-67.10], Juris studerande [1-
20.00], Lantmäteriauskultant [0-30.20], Seminarist [-1], Utexaminerad mejerielev [7- 75.10]

UK:	Student [-1]

42 Graduate.

BE:	Docteur en sciences chemiques [-1], Gradué en droit [-1]

GE:	Doktor [-1]

NL:	Theologiae doctor en predikant [1-41.20]

SW:	Filosofie doktor [-1], Magister [-1]

PURE STATUS

51 Nobility.

BE:	Chevalier [-1], Comtesse [-1]

SW:	Baron [-1], Friherre [-1], Greve [-1], Riddare [-1]

UK:	Countess [-1], Knight [-1], Peeress [-1], The honourable [-1]

52 Prestige Titles.

SW:	Borgare [-1]

UK:	Esquire [-1], Gentleman [-1], Lady [-1]

Relation

This classification incorporates residual information about people who do not give a current occupation but who nevertheless indicate a relationship with the formal labour market which might be of interest to researchers trying to define an economy more broadly. For example, the term 'Farmer's Wife', which falls into the category 'Family Relationship', may at certain times and in certain places suggest not simply marital status but a specific economic role. If this was the case, the term would be given the occupational code for 'farmer' and the RELATION code for 'wife' (see below). Other variables in this classification concern information about people who have finished, or who have not yet started, their careers ('temporal relationship'), such as a a 'Retired Farmer'; those who hold unrenumerated positions ('voluntary or honorary relationship'); those unable to work through disability ('incapacitated'); and those carrying out household duties in the family home ('homeworkers'). As with STATUS, if a title contains information about RELATION, but indicates nothing about an occupational activity, it receives the HISCO code -1 or -2 and the appropriate RELATION variable. If a title contains information on more than one dimension of RELATION a priority rule comes into play whereby family relations overrule temporal relations which in turn take precedence over voluntary workers, homeworkers and those who cannot work.

The RELATION scheme is delineated as follows:

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

11	Wife or widow

12	Son

13	Daughter

14	Other male relative

15	Other female relative

TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP

21	Former or retired

22	Future

VOLUNTARY OR HONORARY RELATIONSHIP

31	Voluntary, honorary

INCAPACITATED

41	Physical or mental disability

HOUSEWORK

51	homeworker

Relation coding examples

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

11 Wife or Widow.

NO:	Hustrue [-1]

UK:	Widow [-1], Wife [-1]

12 Son.

BE:	Fils négociant [4-10.20]

GE:	Haussohn [-1]

13 Daughter.

BE:	Fille boutiquer [4-10.30]

UK:	Daughter [-1]

15 Other Female Relative.

UK:	Grandaughter [-1], Mother [-1], Niece [-1], Sister [-1]
TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIP

21 Former or Retired.

BE:	Capitaine en pensionné [5-83.20], Clerc ancien [1-49.90, 3-00.00], Militaire ex [5- 83.00], Pensionné de l'état [-1], Voltigeur retraité [5-83.40]

CA:	Pensionnaire [-1], Retraité [-1], Vétéran [5-
83.00]

FR:	Ancienne sage-femme [0-73.10], Conducteur de train pensionné [3-60.20, 9-83.20], Retraité cantonnier [9-51.60], Retraité gendarme [5-82.20]

GE:	Pensionär [-1], Rentnerin [-1], Veteran [5-
83.00]

NL:	Emeritus-predikant [1-41.20], Garde veteraan in het garnizoen [5-83.40], Gepensioneerd kapitein [0-42.17, 5-83.20], Gewezen 1e luitenant [5-83.20]

NO:	Forhenværende fisker [6-41.00], Føderaad [-
1], Kaarfolk [-1], Pensionist [-1], Vilkaarsmand [-1]

SW:	Födoråd [-1], Födorådsägare [-1], Förmånstagare [-1], Gratialist [-1], Undantagshjon [-1]

UK:	Annuitant formerly school mistress [1-
30.20], Formerly kept post office [2-22.20], Late grocer [4-10.30], Naval pensioner [5- 83.00], Retired jeweller [8-80.10]

22 Future.

BE:	Candidat en pharmacie [0-67.10], Candidat notaire [1-23.10]

FR:	Aspirant pilote [0-41.25], Candidat au notariat [1-23.10]

NL:	Candidaat notaris [1-23.10]

GE:	Lehramtsbewerber [1-30.20]

SW:	Medicine kandidat [0-61.00]
VOLUNTARY OR HONORARY RELATIONSHIP

31 Voluntary, Honorary.

BE:	Lieutenant invalide honoré [5-83.20]

FR:	Instituteur honoraire [1-33.20], Notaire honoraire [1-23.10]

NL:	Onbezoldigd rijksveldwachter [5-82.20]

SW:	Bergsnämndeman [1-29.10], Kommunalnämndsordförande [2-01.10], Kyrkovärd [1-49.90], Riddare av kungliga vasaorden [-1], Tolvman [1-29.10]
INCAPACITATED

41 Physical or Mental Disability.

BE:	Soldat invalide [5-83.40]

CA:	Handicapé [-1], Invalide [-1]

GE:	Invalide [-1]

UK:	Disabled wants the power of her legs [-1], Fatuous [-1], Imbecile [-1], Lame [-1]
HOUSEWORK

51 Homeworker.

UK:	Assisting at home [-1], Assists family duties [-1], At home [-1], Engaged in domestic duties [-1], Household work [-1]

GE:	Hausmutter [-1]

NO:	Arbeider i familien [-1], Arbeider i hjemme [-
1], Gaar forældrene tilhaande [-1], Husgjerning [-1], Husstel [-1], Smaaærinder [-1]
Product

The PRODUCT classification is employed in order to accommodate information on products traded, principally by those individuals whose titles are coded to Major Group 4. In ISCO68 such 'Sales Workers' are defined only by their various roles within commerce. Unlike STATUS and RELATION, this classification is based on the pre- existing Central Product Scheme (CPC) developed by the United Nations. The UN scheme can be used at various levels, but in order to accommodate the particular problems of generality and specificity associated with historical terms, it was decided that its use in association with HISCO should be at the second, two-digit level. Only CPC groups 0–5 were utilised because the remaining categories in groups (6-9) are revealed in the ISCO68 format.

The PRODUCT scheme is delineated as follows1:

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS

01	Cereals; vegetables; fruit and nuts; oil seeds and oleaginous fruit; living plants; cut flowers; seeds; beverage and spice crops; unmanufactured tobacco; plants used for sugar manufacture; raw vegetable materials not elsewhere classified (nec)

02	Live animals; other animal products

03	Rough wood; natural gums; other forestry products

04	Fish; crustaceans; shellfish; other aquatic products (not frozen)

ORES AND MINERALS; ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER

11	Coal and lignite; peat

12	Crude petroleum and natural gas

13	Uranium and thorium ores

14	Iron ores and concentrates; nonferrous metal ores and concentrates

15	Monumental or building stone; gypsum; anhydrite; limestone flux; limestone and other alcareous stone; sands; pebbles; gravel; broken or crushed stone; natural bitumen and asphalt; clays

16	Chemical and fertilizer minerals; salt and pure sodium chloride; sea water; precious and semiprecious stones; pumice stone; emery; natural abrasives; other minerals

17	Electrical energy; coal gas; water gas; producer gas and similar gases other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons

18	Natural water

FOOD PRODUCTS; BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO; TEXTILES; APPAREL AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

21	Meat and meat products; prepared and preserved fish; prepared and preserved vegetables, fruit juices and vegetable juices; prepared and preserved fruit and nuts; animal and vegetable oils and fats; cotton linters; oilcake and other solid residues resulting from the extraction of vegetable fats or oils; flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits; except those of mustard; vegetable waxes; except triglycerides; degras; residues resulting from the treatment of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes

22	Processed liquid milk and cream; other dairy products

23	Grain mill products; starches and starch products; sugars and sugar syrups nec; preparations used in animal feeding; bakery products; sugar; cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery; macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products; food products nec

24	Ethyl alcohol; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages; compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages; wines; malt liquors and malt soft drinks; bottled mineral waters

25	Tobacco products

26	Natural textile fibres prepared for spinning; manmade textile staple fibres processed for spinning; textile yarn and thread of natural fibres; textile yarn and thread of manmade filaments or staple fibres; woven fabrics (except special fabrics) of natural fibres other than cotton; woven fabrics (except special fabrics) of cotton; woven fabrics (except special fabrics) of manmade filaments and staple fibres; special fabrics

27	Made up textile articles; carpets and other textile floor coverings; twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof (including netting); textiles nec

28	Knitted or crocheted fabrics; wearing apparel, except fur apparel; tanned or dressed furskins and artificial fur, articles thereof (except headgear)

29	Tanned or dressed leather; composition leather; luggage, handbags and the like; saddlery and harness; other articles of leather; footwear, with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics, or with uppers of leather or textile materials, other than sports footwear, footwear incorporating a protective metal toe cap and miscellaneous special footwear; sportsfootwear, except skating boots; other footwear, except asbestos footwear; orthopaedic footwear and skating boots; parts of footwear; removable insoles, heel cushions and similar articles, gaiters, leggings and similar articles, and parts thereof

OTHER TRANSPORTABLE GOOD; EXCEPT METAL PRODUCTS; MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

31	Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm; railway or tramway sleepers (crossties) of wood, not impregnated; wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces; wood wool; wood flour; wood in chips or particles; wood in the rough, treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives; railway or tramway sleepers (crossties) of wood, impregnated; boards and panels; veneer sheets; sheets for plywood; densified wood; builders' joinery and carpentry of wood (including cellular wood panels, assembled parquet panels, shingles and shakes); packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings; of wood; cabledrums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof; of wood (including staves); other products of wood; articles of cork plaiting materials and straw

32	Pulp, paper and paperboard; books, brochures and leaflets (except advertising material) printed, printed maps; music, printed or in manuscript; newspapers, journals and periodicals,appearing at least four times a week; newspapers, journals and periodicals, appearing less than four times a week; stamps, cheque forms, banknotes, stock certificates, postcards, greeting cards, advertising material, pictures and other printed matter; registers, account books, note books, letter pads, diaries and similar articles; blottingpads, binders, file covers, forms and other articles of stationery, of paper or paperboard; composed type, prepared printing plates or cylinders, impressed lithographic stones or other impressed media for use in printing;

33	Coke and semicoke of coal, of lignite or of peat; retort carbon; tar distilled from coal, from lignite or from peat, and other mineral tars; petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous materials, other than crude; preparations nec containing by weight 70% or more of these oils, such oils being the basic constituents of the preparations; petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons, except natural gas; petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, micro crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, and similar products; petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous materials; radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds; alloys, dispersions, ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues; fuel elements (cartridges), for or of nuclear reactors

34	Basic organic chemicals; basic inorganic chemicals, nec; tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; colouring matter nec; activated natural mineral products; animal black; tall oil; terpenic oils produced by the treatment of coniferous woods; crude dipentene; crude paracymene; pine oil; rosin and resin acids, and derivatives thereof; rosin spirit and rosin oils; rum gums; wood tar; wood tar oils; wood creosote; wood naphtha; vegetable pitch; brewers' pitch ; miscellaneous basic chemical products; fertilizers and pesticides; plastics in primary forms; synthetic rubber and factice derived from oils; and mixtures thereof with natural rubber and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip

35	Paints and varnishes and related products; artists' colours; ink; pharmaceutical products; soap, cleaning preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations; chemical products nec; manmade fibres

36	Rubber tyres and tubes; other rubber products; semimanufactures of plastics; packaging products of plastics; other plastics products

37	Glass and glass products; nonstructural ceramic ware; refractory products and structural nonrefractory clay products; cement, lime and plaster; articles of concrete, cement and plaster monumental or building stone and articles thereof; other nonmetallic mineral products nec

38	Furniture; jewellery and related articles; musical instruments; sports goods; games and toys; roundabouts, swings, shooting galleries and other fairground amusements; prefabricated buildings; other manufactured articles nec

39	Wastes from food and tobacco industry; nonmetal wastes or scraps; metal wastes or scraps

METAL PRODUCTS; MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

41	Basic iron and steel; rolled, drawn and folded products of iron and steel; basic precious metals and metals clad with precious metals; copper, nickel, aluminium, alumina, lead zinc and tin, unwrought; semifinished products of copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc and tin or their alloys; other nonferrous metals and articles thereof (including waste and scrap); cerments and articles thereof; ash and residue (except from the manufacture of iron or steel), containing metals or metallic compounds

42	Structural metal products and parts thereof; tanks, reservoirs and containers of iron, steel or aluminium; steam generators (except central heating boilers) and parts thereof; other fabricated metal products

43	Engines and turbines and parts thereof; pumps, compressors, hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and valves, and parts thereof; bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements, and parts thereof; ovens and furnace burners and parts thereof ; lifting and handling equipment and parts thereof; other general purpose machinery and parts thereof

44	Agricultural or forestry machinery and parts thereof; machinetools and parts and accessories thereof ; machinery for metallurgy and parts thereof ; machinery for mining; quarrying and construction, and parts thereof ; machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing, and parts thereof; machinery for textile, apparel and leather production, and parts thereof; weapons and ammunition and parts thereof; domestic appliances and parts thereof;other special purpose machinery and parts thereof

45	Office and accounting machinery, and parts and accessories thereof; computing machinery and parts and accessories thereof

46	Electric motors, generators and transformers, and parts thereof; electricity distribution and control apparatus, and parts thereof; insulated wire and cable; optical fibre cables; accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries, and parts thereof; electric filament or discharge lamps; arc lamps; lighting equipment; parts thereof ; other electrical equipment and parts thereof

47	Electronic valves and tubes; electronic components; parts thereof; television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony or telegraphy; parts and accessories thereof radio broadcast and television receivers; apparatus for sound and video recording and reproducing; microphones, loundspeakers, amplifiers, etc; reception apparatus for radiotelephony or radiotelegraphy; audio and video records and tapes

48	Medical and surgical equipment and orthopaedic appliances; instruments and appliances for measuring checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except optical instruments; industrial process control equipment; parts and accessories thereof ; optical instruments and photographic equipment, and parts and accessories thereof; watches and clocks, and parts thereof

49	Motor vehicles, trailers and semi trailers; parts and accessories thereof; bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; trailers and semitrailers; parts and accessories thereof; ships; pleasure and sporting boats; railway and tramway locomotives and rolling stock, and parts thereof; aircraft and spacecraft; and parts thereof; other transport equipment and parts thereof

INTANGIBLE ASSETS; LAND; CONSTRUCTIONS; CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

51	Pre-erection work at construction site; construction work for buildings; construction work for civil engineering; assembly and erection of prefabricated constructions; special trade construction work; installation work, building completion and finishing work; renting services related to equipment for construction or demolition of buildings or civil engineering works, with operator

52	Buildings; civil engineering works

53	Aagricultural land, forest and other wooded land; built-up and related land; recreational and other open land; other land

The following categories in the CPC scheme were not employed:

DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE SERVICES; LODGING; FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVING SERVICES; TRANSPORT SERVICES; AND UTILITIES DISTRIBUTION SERVICES

FINANCIAL AND RELATED SERVICES; REAL ESTATE SERVICES; AND RENTAL AND LEASING SERVICES

BUSINESS AND PRODUCTION SERVICES

COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICES

Product coding examples

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS

01

BE:	Commissionnaire en grains [4-32.30], Fabricant de drêche [2-11.10], Légumier [4- 10.30], Marchand de huppe [4-10.25], Négociant en houblon [4-10.20]

FR:	Bouquetière [4-51.30], Fleuriste [4-
10.30],Fruitier [4-10.30], Grainetier [4- 10.30], Portefaix de blé [9-71.90]

GE:	Gemüsehändler [4-10.25], Kräutner [4-
10.30], Spezereihändler [4-10.25]

NL:	Bloemist [4-10.30], Directeur eener groenteveiling [2-11.10], Fruitvrouw [4- 10.30], Groentenboer	[4-10.30], Koornkopersknecht [4-22.20]

SW:	Blomförsäljerska [4-10.30, 4-51.30], Blomsterhandlare [4-10.30]

UK:	Corn factor [4-10.20], Pig dealer [4-10.20], Poulterer [4-10.25], Watercress seller [4- 52.20], Wholesale fruiterer [4-10.20]

02

BE:	Maquignon [4-10.25], Marchand de bestiaux [4-10.25], Marchand de veaux [4-10.25], Marchand d'oeufs [4-10.25], Marchand d'oiseaux [4-10.25]

FR:	Maquignon [4-10.25], Marchand de chevaux [4-10.25], Marchand de moutons [4-10.25], Marchand de porcs[4-10.25], Marchand de vaches [4-10.25]

NL:	Eierhandelaar [4-10.25], Eierkoopman [4-
10.25], Grossier in vee [4-10.20], Varkenshandelaar [4-10.25], Veehandelaar [4-10.25]

NO:	Fæhandler [4-10.20], Kreaturhandler [4-
10.20], Skindhandler [4-10.20]

SW:	Hästhandlare [4-10.25]

UK:	Cattle dealer [4-10.20], Dealer in pigs [4-
10.20], Horse dealer [4-10.20], Proprietor of job horses [4-10.40]

03

FR:	Commis de bois [7-31.90], Propriétaire et Marchand de bois [4-10.30]

NO:	Arbeider ved trælastforretning [4-51.30], Disponent ved sagbrug [2-12.20], Sagbrugsbestyrer [2-12.20], Trælastvirksomhed [4-10.20], Tømmerhandler [4-10.20]

04

FR:	Marchand de poissons [4-10.25], Marchande de coquillages [4-10.25], Marchande de marée [4-10.25], Marchande d'huitres [4- 10.25]

GE:	Fischhändler [4-10.25]

NO:	Fiskekjøber [4-22.20], Fiskeribedrift [-1]

SW:	Fiskhandlare [4-10.30]

UK:	Dealer in herring [4-10.25], Fish merchant [4-10.20], Fish saleswoman [4-51.25], Fishmonger [4-10.30]
ORES AND MINERALS; ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER

11

BE:	Agent de charbon [4-32.30], Charbonnière [4-
10.25], Débitant d'houille [4-10.30], Détaillant d'houille [4-10.30]

FR:	Charbonnier [4-10.25], Commerçante en charbons [4-10.25], Marchand de charbon [4- 10.25]

12

NO:	Dagarbeider ved petroleumslager [9-99.20]

14

UK:	Proprietor of iron mines [2-11.10]

15

FR:	Marchande de poteries [4-10.25]

GE:	Kiesgrubenbesitzer [2-11.10]

17

FR:	Directeur d'usine à gaz [2-11.10]

18

UK:	Mineral water manufacturer [2-11.10]
FOOD PRODUCTS; BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO; TEXTILES; APPAREL AND LEATHER PRODUCTS

20

BE:	Boutiquier [4-10.30]

GE:	Lebensmittelgroßkaufmann [4-10.20]

NL:	Grutter [4-10.30], Kruidenier [4-10.30]

NO:	Arbeider ved landhandleri [4-51.30], Betjent ved landhandel [4-51.30], Handelsmand i colonial [4-10.30], Landhandler [4-10.30]

21

BE:	Débitant de poisson [4-10.30], Détaillant de viande [4-10.30], Fabricant de moutarde [2- 11.10]

FR:	Commerçante en fruits [4-10.25],Commis épicier [4-51.30], Marchand de grains [4- 10.25], Marchand de quatre saisons [4-52.20], Vendeuse de légumes [4-51.25]

NL:	Poelierster [4-10.30], Vischhandelaar [4-
10.25], Visverkoper [4-51.25]

NO:	Arbeider ved fiskeforretning [4-51.30], Fiskeforretning [4-10.30], Fiskehandel [4- 10.30], Kjødhandler [4-10.30]

22

FR:	Marchand de beurre [4-10.25], Marchande de lait [4-10.25]

GE:	Milchfuhrmann [4-52.20], Milchhändler [4-
10.25], Molkereibesitzer [2-11.10]

NL:	Boterverkooper [4-51.25], Directeur eener zuivelfabriek [2-11.10], Kaashandelaar [4- 10.25], Melkboer [4-10.30], Melkslijter [4- 52.20]

NO:	Meieribestyrer [2-12.20]

23

BE:	Fabricant de glucose [2-11.10]

FR:	Marchande de sucreries [4-10.25]

GE:	Mehlhändler [4-10.25], Süßwarengroßhändler [4-10.20], Teigwarenfabrikant [2-11.10]

NL:	Brooddepothouder [4-51.30], Broodslijter [4-
52.20]

SW:	Kvarnägare [2-11.10]

UK:	Agent for biscuits [4-32.30]

24

BE:	Débitant de bièrre [4-10.30], Débitant de liqueurs [4-10.30], Détaillant de boisson [4- 10.30], Fabricant de vinaigre [2-11.10], Marchand de vin [4-10.25]

FR:	Débitant de boissons [4-10.30], Marchand de vins en gros [4-10.20], Négociant en vins [4- 10.20]

GE:	Faßbrandhändler [4-10.25], Weinhändler [4-
10.25]

NL:	Handelaar in wijnen [4-10.25], Mineraalwaterfabrikant [2-11.10], Slijter in sterke dranken [4-10.30], Wijnkoper [4- 22.20]

NO:	Brusfabrikant [2-11.10]

25

BE:	Débitant de tabac [4-10.30], Détaillant de tabac [4-10.30], Fabricant de cigars [2- 11.10], Fabricante de tabac [2-11.10]

FR:	Buraliste [4-10.30], Débitant de tabac [4-
10.30], Marchande de tabac [4-10.25], Receveur buraliste [4-10.30]

GE:	Tabakfabrikant [2-11.10]

NL:	Sigarenwinkelier [4-10.30]

26

BE:	Fabricante de lin [2-11.10], Marchand de lin [4-10.25], Marchande de lingère [4-10.25], Négociant en toile [4-10.20]

FR:	Directeur de manufacture de soie [2-11.10], Marchande de laine [4-10.25], Représentant en soieries [4-32.00]

GE:	Garnhändler [4-10.25]

NL:	Fabrikeur in wol [2-11.10]

SW:	Färgerifabrikör [2-11.10]

UK:	Cotton manufacturer [2-11.10], Ribbon manufacturer [2-11.10], Silk manufacturer [2-11.10], Woollen manufacturer [2-11.10]

27

FR:	Marchande de corderie [4-10.25], Marchande de dentelles [4-10.25], Marchand de tissus [4-10.25], Marchand drapier [4-10.25], Marchand mercier [4-10.25], Négociante en mercerie [4-10.20]

GE:	Bändelhändler [4-10.25], Bändelkrämer [4-
10.30], Händler mit Kurzwaren [4-10.25], Sackhändler [4-10.25]

UK:	Bed sacking manufacturer [2-11.10], Fringe manufacturer [2-11.10], Trimming manufacturer [2-11.10]

28

FR:	Fripière [4-10.30], Marchande de modes [4-
10.25], Marchande d'habits [4-10.25], Négociante en lingerie [4-10.20], Vendeuse de chapeaux [4-51.25]

GE:	Strumpffabrikant [2-11.10]

NL:	Manufacturier [4-10.30], Winkelierster in manufacturen [4-10.30]

NO:	Handelsreisende i manufaktur [4-32.20], Manufakturhandler [4-10.30]

UK:	Straw hat manufacturer [2-11.10]

29

BE:	Fabricant de chamois [2-11.10], Fabricant de chaussures [2-11.10], Fabricant de galoches [2-11.10], Fabricant de pantoufles [2-11.10], Marchand de cuir [4-10.25]

FR:	Marchand de chaussures [4-10.25], Marchand de cuir [4-10.25], Négociante en cuirs [4- 10.20]

NL:	Leerhandelaar [4-10.25]

UK:	Boot manufacturer [2-11.10], Shoe manufacturer [2-11.10]
OTHER TRANSPORTABLE GOODS - EXCEPT METAL PRODUCTS, MaCHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

30

NL:	Handelaar in huishoudelijke artikelen [4-
10.25]

31

BE:	Fabricant de boîtes [2-11.10]

GE:	Holzhändler [4-10.25], Holzkaufmann [4-
10.25]

NL:	Houthandelaar [4-10.25], Houtkoper [4-
22.20]

SW:	Bjälkfaktor [2-26.90], Brädgårdsförman [2-
26.90], Brädgårdsinspektor [2-26.90], Trävaruhandlare [4-10.20]

32

BE:	Directeur de messageries [2-11.10], Fabricant de papier peint [2-11.10], Marchand de journaux [4-10.25]

FR:	Libraire [4-10.30], Marchande de papeterie [4-10.25], Marchande d'images [4-10.25]

GE:	Papierfabrikant [2-11.10]

NL:	Boekhandelaar [4-10.25], Boekverkoper [4-
51.25], Uitgever [2-11.10]

SW:	Boghandler [4-10.30]

33

GE:	Kohlenhändler [4-10.25]

NL:	Brandstofhandelaar [4-10.25], Petroleumventer [4-52.20]

34

BE:	Facteur engrais [9-49.90]

35

FR:	Commis droguiste [4-51.30], Droguiste [4-
10.30], Marchande de résine [4-10.25], Marchande droguiste [4-10.25]

NL:	Drogist [4-10.30]

UK:	Colour manufacturer [2-11.10], Ink manufacturer [2-11.10]

37

BE:	Fabricant de poteries [2-11.10]

FR:	Directeur de fours à chaux [2-11.10], Marchande de plâtre [4-10.25], Marchand de poteries [4-10.25]

GE:	Geschirrhändler [4-10.25], Schleifsteinhändlerin [4-10.25], Steinguthändler [4-10.25], Ziegelfabrikant [2-11.10]

UK:	Brick manufacturer [2-11.10], Shear manufacturer [2-11.10], Stone manufacturer [2-11.10], Tile manufacturer [2-11.10]

38

BE:	Fabricant de brosses [2-11.10], Fabricant de chaises [2-11.10], Fabricant de meubles [2- 11.10], Fabricant de parapluies [2-11.10], Marchand de parapluies [4-10.25]

FR:	Antiquaire [4-10.30], Bimbelotière [4-10.30], Brocanteur [4-10.30]

NL:	Juwelier [4-10.30], Koopman in borstels [4-
10.25], Meubelhandelaar [4-10.25], Winkelierster in mode-artikelen [4-10.30]

UK:	Brush manufacturer [2-11.10]

39

FR:	Marchande chiffonnière [4-10.25]

GE:	Trödler [4-10.25]

NL:	Uitdrager [4-10.30]

METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

40

UK:	Steel manufacturer [2-11.10]

41

GE:	Drahtfabrikant [2-11.10], Eisenhändler [4-
10.25]

NL:	Ijzerhandelaar [4-10.20], Ijzerkoper [4-22.20]

UK:	Whitemetal manufacturer [2-11.10]

42

FR:	Commis de quincaillerie [4-51.30], Marchand de fer [4-10.25], Marchand quincaillier [4- 10.25], Quincaillier [4-10.25]

UK:	Irongate manufacturer [2-11.10], Lock manufacturer [2-11.10], Nail manufacturer [2-11.10], Saw manufacturer [2-11.10], Tableknife manufacturer [2-11.10]

44

BE:	Marchande de chaudrons [4-10.25]

GE:	Landmaschinenvertreter [4-32.20]

UK:	Gunlock manufacturer [2-11.10]

49

BE:	Constructeur de navires [2-11.10]

GE:	Autovermieter [4-10.40]

NL:	Employé bij een scheepsbouwmaatschappij [-
1], Handelaar in automobielen [4-10.25], Rijtuigverhuurder [4-10.40], Rijwielenhandelaar [4-10.25]

NO:	Vognfabrikant [2-11.10]

UK:	Barge owner	[4-10.40], Boat owner [4-
10.40], Cab proprietor [4-10.40], Coach proprietor [4-10.40], Machine proprietor [4-10.40]
INTANGIBLE ASSETS; LAND; CONSTRUCTIONS; CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

51

BE:	Constructeur de bâtiment [2-11.10]

SW:	Överbanmästare [2-12.20]